With the increasing number of generation and consumption units connected through power electronic converters, the electrical grid is evolving toward a more dynamic and decentralized structure. This transformation strengthens both the need and the potential for these converters to actively contribute to system flexibility and stability—particularly in compensating for renewable energy fluctuations and maintaining the balance between supply and demand.

Optimized coordination of their control functions offers significant potential to improve grid resilience, by intelligently leveraging their capabilities in voltage regulation, frequency support, and reactive power control. However, to integrate these contributions effectively at scale, it is essential to develop holistic modeling approaches that capture multi-scale interactions—both in time and space.

The modeling work in this thesis aims to represent the relationship between the active/reactive power flexibility of power electronic converters and the stability margin they provide to the grid, as well as to model the aggregation of their actions for system-wide contribution. Building on this foundation, coordinated control architectures and algorithms between the distribution and transmission networks will be investigated, developed, and validated.